Comparison of The Rich Boy, The Bridal Party, and The Great Gatsby by F

Comparison of The naughty Boy, The Bridal Party, and The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald The 1920s market a sound America economy, makingevident transition between social classes. Peoplebecome very optimistic, and sometimes began livingtheir lives as if they had already obtained theAmerican dream. Dreamers ordinarily create illusions toavoid the cruel realities of life. F. Scott Fitzgeraldexemplifies three overly en and soiastic believers inThe Rich Boy with Anson Hunter, The Bridal Partywith Michael Curly, and The Great Gatsby with JayGatsby. Fitzgerald easily builds these characters intothe man of visual sense and the the man of action.They live an illusion by dwelling on the past, feelingthat money can buy what they want, yet realityshatters their fantasy world thus Fitzgerald depictshow each character evolves in romanticism and realism.All three characters experience a sense of livingillusions in which Fitzgerald includes romanticism inthem. In Rich boy, Paula Legendr e is Anson Huntersunattainable love due to his behaviour. As...

Insulin-Dependent Diabetes :: Health Medicine Essays

Insulin-Dependent Diabetes******REMINDER****** The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for educational purposes only. It should not be utilize for diagnostic or intervention purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please contact your personalphysician and/or the agencies listed in the Resources particle of thisreport.Insulin- aquiline Diabetes is a disorder in which the body does notproduce enough insulin and is, therefore, unable to convert nutrients into the energy necessary for daily activity. The disorder affects females and males approximately equally. Although the causes of insulin-dependent diabetes are not known, genetic factors seem to play a role. Normally, sugars and starches (carbohydrates) in the foods we eat areprocessed by digestive juices into glucose. Glucose circulates inthe blood as a major energy source for body functions. Its use isregulated primarily by insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas gland(located behind the stomach). In the person with diabetes, there isa malfunction in the production of insulin. There are two main typesof diabetes Type I or Insulin-Dependent and Type II or Noninsulin-Dependent. The insulin-dependent type of diabetes generally has onset duringchildhood or adolescence, though it can occur at any age. Becausethe pancreas supplies little or no insulin in this disease, dailyinjections of the hormone and a controlled diet are necessary toregulate blood sugar levels. Insulin is generally effective inpreventing glucose buildup, but it is a treatment and not a cure fordiabetes. The onset of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes begins with frequenturination, extreme thirst, constant hunger, and unexplained weightloss. Because people with Type I Diabetes lack sufficient insulin,glucose accumulates in the blood to levels too high for the kidneys t oexcrete. In an effort to remove the excess sugar, the kidneys excrete

Acid Rain :: Environment Ecology Nature Essays Papers

Acid RainIf it was possible to peer into the future and see the environmental consequences of mankinds actions, humans harmful contributions to the highly acetousic precipitate levels would be app arent. Seeing the possibility of a tragic environment in the future would change the slipway we treat our environment today and forever. The environment receives its principal(prenominal) punishments from a variety of radicals, ranging from car smog to industrial smog and waste. Acid precipitate, fog, sleet and snow all(a) have severely harmful affects on our environment. In order to protect our environment, humans need to be conscious of the results of their actions and act responsibly to slow down, if not stop, the negative effects of battery- bitter rainwater on our plant, animal and human life.Acid rain is rain with a low PH level. A subdue ranging from zero to fourteen defines the ph scale, with zero representing the roughly acidic, fourteen representing the most basic ph levels and seven representing neutral. Acid rain can formulate from due south and nitrogen, which is emmited by cars and coal fired generators. America and europium are the leaders in the war against acid rain, and are fighting to protect our health and environment. angiotensin converting enzyme way these two regions are attempting to reduce acid rain is by encouraging the use of natural gases rather than coal in power plants. This is expedient because natural gases contain less sulfur. Acid rain is detrimental to all living organisms and needs to be decreased.Acid rain affects the entire environment, especially plants and animals. adept of the most harmful effects acid rain has on the ecosystem is its destruction of plant life. Acid rain containing highly acidic ph levels also greatly affects animal lives. After falling, acid rain flows straight off from the plants, through the watershed and into a stream, river or lake, where it can dramatically affect aquatic life. During the flow of acid rain through soils and into the watershed system, aluminum is picked up and dispersed into the nearby streams, rivers and lakes. Aquatic life can live with a below normal acid level, but the additional aluminum deposited into the reservoir greatly affects the fish. All breathing organisms are also affected by the acid rain pollutants distributed into the air. The major source of these air pollutants is nitrogen oxide from vehicles and industrial sites where fossil fuels are burned.Acid Rain Environment Ecology Nature Essays PapersAcid RainIf it was possible to peer into the future and see the environmental consequences of mankinds actions, humans harmful contributions to the highly acidic rain levels would be apparent. Seeing the possibility of a tragic environment in the future would change the ways we treat our environment today and forever. The environment receives its main punishments from a variety of sources, ranging from car smog to industrial smog and waste. Acid rain, fog, sleet and snow all have severely harmful affects on our environment. In order to protect our environment, humans need to be conscious of the results of their actions and act responsibly to slow down, if not stop, the negative effects of acid rain on our plant, animal and human life.Acid rain is rain with a low PH level. A scale ranging from zero to fourteen defines the ph scale, with zero representing the most acidic, fourteen representing the most basic ph levels and seven representing neutral. Acid rain can formulate from sulfur and nitrogen, which is emmited by cars and coal fired generators. America and Europe are the leaders in the war against acid rain, and are fighting to protect our health and environment. One way these two regions are attempting to reduce acid rain is by encouraging the use of natural gases rather than coal in power plants. This is useful because natural gases contain less sulfur. Acid rain is detrimental to all livi ng organisms and needs to be decreased.Acid rain affects the entire environment, especially plants and animals. One of the most harmful effects acid rain has on the ecosystem is its destruction of plant life. Acid rain containing highly acidic ph levels also greatly affects animal lives. After falling, acid rain flows directly from the plants, through the watershed and into a stream, river or lake, where it can dramatically affect aquatic life. During the flow of acid rain through soils and into the watershed system, aluminum is picked up and dispersed into the nearby streams, rivers and lakes. Aquatic life can live with a below normal acid level, but the additional aluminum deposited into the reservoir greatly affects the fish. All breathing organisms are also affected by the acid rain pollutants distributed into the air. The major source of these air pollutants is nitrogen oxide from vehicles and industrial sites where fossil fuels are burned.

Perceiving a Comic Book Cinema in Ang Lees Hulk :: Movie Film Ang Lee Hulk Essays

Ang Lees film Hulk (2003) is based on a character whose origins lie in in the serviceman of Marvel comic books. In both versions, Bruce Banner is a repressed and unassuming scientist who, as a result of an accident involving da Gamma radiation, transforms into a massive green engine of destruction, kn cause as the Incredible Hulk, whenever he becomes angry. The Hulk is the rampaging male id, unleashed by modern science upon a world extemporaneous for its limitless, primal fury. But as interesting as a literary analysis of the character might be and the Hulk is rife with such(prenominal) possibilities this is non where Lees Hulk breaks any new ground. Indeed, by such standards, it is a mundane if not, actually, a rather awful film. But what Lees film does that is extraordinary is its tone-beginning to, not simply adapt the content of the comic books, but in some way translate the experience and aesthetics of the comic books onto the movie screen. In doing so, he alters the co nditions of the filmic apparatus enough to warrant further examination. However, the scene under examination in the textual analysis begins fairly conventionally. This scene is relatively betimes in the film, before the events that unleash the Hulk occur. Bruce Krenzler/Banner (Eric Bana) comes into the office he shares with colleague and ex- sentimentalist interest Betty Ross (Jennifer Connely) at the nuclear biomedicine laboratory. Inside, he finds that Adam Talbot (Josh Lucas), a defense force asserter who is one of the films villains, has come to pay them a visit. Talbots presence is understood to be intrusive, as he is placed in the centre of the frame, marginalising Bruce and Betty to the the periphery in their own office (shots 1c, 3, and 5a). Furthermore, Bettys over-the-shoulder look back to Bruce as he opens the door in shot 1c seems guilty. thither is something of the caught-in-the-act to the staging of Bruces entry to the office. This establishes the tension of a roma ntic triplicity between the three characters, which never fully emerges as a plot point, but remains as a subtext throughout the portions of the film that portion out with Talbot. Betty has to put up rather quickly to attend to some generic science (shot 5), but Talbot lingers a moment to have a man to man discourse with Bruce. There is some obvious tension between Talbot and Bruce as he makes overtures toward acquiring their research for military applications (and the ensuing financial benefit of selling the technology).Perceiving a peculiar Book Cinema in Ang Lees Hulk Movie Film Ang Lee Hulk EssaysAng Lees film Hulk (2003) is based on a character whose origins lie in the world of Marvel comic books. In both versions, Bruce Banner is a repressed and unassuming scientist who, as a result of an accident involving gamma radiation, transforms into a massive green engine of destruction, known as the Incredible Hulk, whenever he becomes angry. The Hulk is the rampaging male id, u nleashed by modern science upon a world unprepared for its limitless, primal fury. But as interesting as a literary analysis of the character might be and the Hulk is rife with such possibilities this is not where Lees Hulk breaks any new ground. Indeed, by such standards, it is a mundane if not, actually, a rather awful film. But what Lees film does that is extraordinary is its attempt to, not simply adapt the content of the comic books, but in some way translate the experience and aesthetics of the comic books onto the movie screen. In doing so, he alters the conditions of the filmic apparatus enough to warrant further examination. However, the scene under examination in the textual analysis begins fairly conventionally. This scene is relatively early in the film, before the events that unleash the Hulk occur. Bruce Krenzler/Banner (Eric Bana) comes into the office he shares with colleague and ex-romantic interest Betty Ross (Jennifer Connely) at the nuclear biomedicine labora tory. Inside, he finds that Adam Talbot (Josh Lucas), a defence contractor who is one of the films villains, has come to pay them a visit. Talbots presence is understood to be intrusive, as he is placed in the centre of the frame, marginalising Bruce and Betty to the the periphery in their own office (shots 1c, 3, and 5a). Furthermore, Bettys over-the-shoulder look back to Bruce as he opens the door in shot 1c seems guilty. There is something of the caught-in-the-act to the staging of Bruces entry to the office. This establishes the tension of a romantic triangle between the three characters, which never fully emerges as a plot point, but remains as a subtext throughout the portions of the film that deal with Talbot. Betty has to leave rather quickly to attend to some generic science (shot 5), but Talbot lingers a moment to have a man to man conversation with Bruce. There is some obvious tension between Talbot and Bruce as he makes overtures toward acquiring their research for milit ary applications (and the ensuing financial benefit of selling the technology).

Samsung Electronics Case Write-Up Essays -- Business Analysis SWOT

Samsung Electronics Case Write-Up1.The Memory Industry (5 points).Conduct a five-forces analysis of the memory board manufacture. You will need to rate each of the five forces in this industry as high, medium or low and then explain briefly why you selected this rating. A)Threat of newborn Entrants(Barriers to entry) (MEDIUM)Samsung, being a global company with net revenues of over $30 billion, had established an integrated supply chain with economies of scale and scope. New entrants were required to come in on a very large scale for effectively minimizing cost, which the Chinese companies succeeded in doing. Samsung had scale of economies in research and fly the coop fabrication and was world leading memory producer for all types of PCs, digital cameras and other electronic products. Samsung had demand side benefits of scale as it demanded transcendence in product quality and efficiency and it was a well established and trusted brand name ($5.2 billion in 2004). High switching costs were associated with the industry as due to established production lines and multibillion dollar commitments, it would be extremely costly and time consuming for a company to divest into contrary technologies and design commitments. When IBM, Toshiba and NEC discovered problems with their trenching method of incorporating cells into tiny chips, they lost years of development time trying to switch to the stacking method. The cost of production facilities rose to $3 billion and hence created a higher barrier of entry for smaller level competitors. As most of the capital required in the semiconductor industry is used in Research and development, it is unrecoverable and enhances the eff... ...me the administrative barrier and enjoy the same benefits as a regular Chinese substantial. They will also arrest easier access to finance, tax incentives and other essential resources to help them reduce the Chinese competitive advantage. In doing so they must take precautions to ensure that their technology and skilful property is not replicated as there are several flaws in the Chinese administrative system. They could also buyout an established local Chinese semiconductor firm that has some brand recognition in the market which could give them a local presence. Lastly, they could cede the lower end of the market to the Chinese firms and invest in higher value, cutting edge memory products that would be hard to replicate. All three options would be viable in different ways and could help Samsung defeat their primary threats.

Samsung Electronics Case Write-Up Essays -- Business Analysis SWOT

Samsung Electronics Case Write-Up1.The Memory Industry (5 points).Conduct a five-forces analysis of the memory patience. You bequeath need to rate each of the five forces in this industry as high, medium or low and then explain briefly why you selected this rating. A)threat of New Entrants(Barriers to entry) (MEDIUM)Samsung, being a global company with net revenues of over $30 one thousand thousand, had established an integrated supply chain with economies of scale and scope. New entrants were necessary to come in on a very large scale for effectively minimizing costs, which the Chinese companies succeeded in doing. Samsung had scale of economies in research and chip deceitfulness and was world leading memory producer for all types of PCs, digital cameras and other electronic products. Samsung had demand side benefits of scale as it demanded superiority in product quality and efficiency and it was a well established and trusted brand name ($5.2 billion in 2004). High switching c osts were associated with the industry as due to established production lines and multibillion dollar commitments, it would be extremely costly and time consuming for a company to divest into different technologies and shape commitments. When IBM, Toshiba and NEC discovered problems with their trenching method of incorporating cells into tiny chips, they lost years of development time trying to switch to the stacking method. The cost of production facilities rose to $3 billion and hence created a higher(prenominal) barrier of entry for smaller level competitors. As most of the capital required in the semiconductor industry is apply in Research and development, it is unrecoverable and enhances the eff... ...me the administrative barrier and enjoy the same benefits as a regular Chinese firm. They will also receive easier bother to finance, tax incentives and other essential resources to help them reduce the Chinese competitive advantage. In doing so they must take precautions to e nsure that their technology and intellectual situation is not replicated as there are several flaws in the Chinese administrative system. They could also buyout an established local Chinese semiconductor firm that has whatever brand recognition in the market which could give them a local presence. Lastly, they could cede the lower end of the market to the Chinese firms and invest in higher value, cutting edge memory products that would be hard to replicate. All three options would be viable in different ways and could help Samsung overcome their native threats.

Problems of Human Services Clients Essay

In this paper, I will be describing the range of problems facing piece serve invitees and how the specific destiny skills that spate be used with clients. in that respect ar many problems a military man supporters faces with a client. The needs disregard range from helping clients with issues such as, substance abuse, mental or physical illness, grief, disabilities, caring for children and families, domestic violence, Veterans, and a soulal loss. Also, a human services clients dope have a large range of family problems that behind lead into more difficult problems. (Woodside & McClam, (2011).A human service player must(prenominal) gain clients send to help a client get the best possible help they need. For instance, some predictable problems ar due to a rapid change in society such as loss of jobs, homeless of families with disabilities. However, we all need to work together as a team so that we can contribute help with their daily needs. In addition, when human se rvice captain is working with a child they must identify if the home is a safe cast to live. Also, a human service must ensure that a child have its basic needs to survive.They can also work with the p arnts by helping them with family planning such as birth control for each individual. Moreover, a human service professional can also help with parenting classes for their parents. Some countries cultures are different. However, there are several ways a human service can guide parents how to fill out an application for food stamp avail so that the family will have a meal to eat every day. Another problem a client may face is to find untroubled childcare for their child. For instance, a client may have job, but cant afford a daycare for their children due to low accept wages.(Woodside & McClam, (2011). world services help clients that need assistance with low in coiffure housing. There are some people facing problems with domestic violence in their home. However, most situations can be dangerous and physical violent causing some unrivaled to get hurt or bodily injury causing a death. Moreover, children living in a violent environment can be in danger for their lives. Therefore, a child can be taken from their home by human services because the child is no longer safe. Human service helper must take the necessary measures to finding a foster or an adoptive parent for their client childrens.The primary categories of problems that affect a client of human services are gather together into social-cultural barriers. Moreover, there are a coarse figures that affect clients whom need services under this group. There are many problems in some cultures, a women cant accept family planning services from a human service provider because the woman cant contract that decision. They would have to get permission from their husbands. Communication is the key to understand one another by send messages to each other. We use communication to get to know the client perspect ive of the situation.(pg. 201). A human service provider pay off close attention of the client by focusing on the verbal and nonverbal messages from a client. Communication is a very important factor in helping with a client. According to Woodside & McClam, (2011). Furthermore, communicating with one another can make the problem solving process of a client flow smoother. Woodside & McClam, 2011 piece that communication involves sending a message to another person with the conscious intent of affecting the receivers behavior. (pg. 201). In figure 7. 2 (pg.201) hand overs the order when a person is receiving the message and if he understands the sender message correctly this is an effective communication. A message can be verbal or nonverbal. For instance, a client can walk into a human service office, the helper say to him verbally, Hello, how are doing today? A verbal communication is when words come out of a person mouth. The client didnt speak to the human service provider, h e just shrug his shoulders and nodded his head forward. The behavior of the client was non-verbal because he didnt show any reaction.The well-educated skillful helper interpret the senders message by the client behavior. (Woodside & McClam, 2011). (OKUN & Kantrowitz, 2008). Reported the professional worker is able to hear what the client was saying by the way he reacted. Moreover, a person may smile and give out a handshake, this a non-verbal behavior. Non-verbal behaviors consist of a clients posture, tone of voice, gestures, eye contact, and touch. For example, when we first go out on a date, we want to impress the other person by smiling, talking in a soft low voice.Furthermore, good eye contact is better whenever, we are communicating with each other. Therefore, we must make a good impression when we first meet a person. Next step in helping skills that can be utilized with a client is listening and responding. (pg. 204). Listening and responding according to Woodside and McClam , (2011). Researched that the way we listen and respond to person is very important in the helping skills process because a human service provider can build a trusting relationship with their client.Moreover, a person must hear what the other person is saying by sending a message verbally or non-verbally. Some people think they are good listeners, but most people arent. (See Table 7. 3). (Woodside & McClam, (2011). There are healthy behaviors in communication such as, verbal behaviors. Verbal behaviors are mirroring a person feelings, clarifying, showing a sense of humor, providing information that a client needs, explaining helper roles, sharing information about oneself, being non-judgmental, asking questions, making the right use of gestures and touching.Nonverbal behaviors are making eye contact, listening to a person, smiling, nodding head ones head, tending forward, maintain a relaxed posture, facing the client, displaying facial expression, being punctual, and maintaining a moderate rate of speech. (pg. 204). In addition, we must focus on the client by utilizing these helping skills to help provide the necessary help a client may need. In the text book, (pg. 205).There is a certain kind of listening a human service engage in is called responsive listening or active listening. There are two ways of responsive listening or active listening that is presented by Egan (2010, pp. 134-135) he offered that there are many things that a helper can do to talk to a person that they are paying close attention. (Woodside & McClam, (2011). In conclusion, Egan (20) researched that there are five behaviors that a human service professional can follow to let their clients know they are listening.First, s means face the client, O means adopt an open posture, L means lean toward the other person, E means maintain good eye contact, and R means try to be relatively relaxed. Furthermore, these are acronym SOLER. Moreover, remembering these acronym can show a person that the helper is listening. Attending behavior is another way a helper can let the client know that they are pay attention and listening. In this paper, I have discussed some ranges of problems facing human service clients and specific helping skills that can be used with clients.

Business Enviroment Assignment Essay

Pl- fall upon the type of business. M. Whitfield Pharmacists LTD M. Whitfield pharmacists are a large company around the north tocopherol of England. They are situated at seven contrasting branches, Gilesgate, Thornley, Coxhoe, Blackhall, Wheatley Hill, Horden and Victoria Rd. The pharmacists and there staff are members of your local anaesthetic healthcare team. They aim to provide you with the highest quality of healthcare. To do this they need to keep records about you, your health and the care we have provided or plan to provide to you.We know that you value your privacy and he security of personalized information held about you. You clear download our information leaflet here which explains how we safeguard information about you. M. Whitfield LTD offer a wide range of do drugss that can be offered either over the counter or prescribed by a consultant at your local medical checkup surgery or hospital, this is depending on the strength and reason of the drug. Also inside th e chemist it has advertisements for mobility scooters and other helpful things that can aid elderly or sick peck around the local area.Inside all of the branches there is a consultant oom where one of the fully qualified Pharmacists depart have a one to one about what drug is best for you. The purpose of this company is that it delivers high quality medical drugs and health care which is proscribed by a doctor or a medical consultant. Medical care is given either paid or free depending on financial status or education. M. Whitfield is a sole trader this essence that the company is not very large however it has a large amount of branches around the northeast of England.To make this company bigger the possessor will need to bring in some investors which could expand the company and ove more branches around the nation. The owner will have to work a lot of hours and he will find it hard to take holidays as he has a lot more responsibility then if he was in a partnership. P3 Describ e how two business are organised M. Whitfield LTD is organised as a small company, most of the branches are occupied with four to five assistance to pull wires the branch whilst two to three pharmacists working on the behind the counter packing the drugs.All of the staff in the chemist will have different set shifts usually Monday to Friday. M. Whitfield is a private company not run by the government and will not be on the stock pile. The owner will have to maintain regular check-ups to make sure everything is running smoothly in all branches and the staff are doing their Job correctly. However the NHS is a much larger company and is run by the government. There is no actual owner of the NHS it is set out in departments which have directors in separately department. Compared to M. Whitfields the NHS employs a lot more employees in for all citizens, based on need, not the ability to pay.The NHS is made up of a wide range of health professionals, support workers and organisations. T he NHS is funded by the taxpayer and is therefore accountable to Parliament. It is managed by Department of Health which is directly responsible to the Secretary of State for Health. The Department sets overall health form _or_ system of government in England, is the headquarters for the NHS and is responsible for putting policy into practice. It also sets targets for the NHS and monitors performance through its four directors of health and social care. Around one million people work for the NHS inEngland and it costs more than E50 billion a year to run. This will rise to E69 billion by 2005. Regional assemblies control health service in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The NHS aims to bring about the highest level of physical and mental health for all citizens, within the resources available, by promoting health and preventing ill-health diagnosing and treating injury and infirmity caring for those with a long-term illness and disability P4- explain how their different styl e of organisation helps them to fulfil there purpose The NHS is a fast paced

Environmental issues in Asia

Developing countries face severe environmental issues as the rapid frugal and population growth had created serious accessible and environmental problems which if left unattended can bring about very serious consequences. Some of these burning environmental issues faced by these Asian regions are the deforestation, global warming, advertize and peeing system taint, limited safe potable wet etc. apart from this manipulation of the raw(a) resources and using unhealthy ways and means for trainingal purposes is slowly destroying the resources of these nations which are of serious concern and needs immediate steps by the politics and non political organizations to protect and rescue them from extinction.Two main problems that I wish to discuss in this look paper is air pollution and the increasing deficit in drinking body of water supply which is a great threat to the nations over each(prenominal) economic development. India is a fast developing country and its growth in th e IT and industrial sector over the years is abundant. With the per capita income increasing with the sudden boom in industrial and technological sectors purchasing reason has increased. Easy EMI and retail option alter almost anyone to get a vehicle and as the result traffic congestion, air pollution and noise pollution etc have increased thereby endangering the social unit atmosphere and paving way to global warming.Water is the elixir of life we all know but although the humans is third filled with water drinking water is available in limited quantity. India largely depends on monsoon rainfalls for it agriculture and underground drinking water resources. Due to environmental issues like global warming, air pollution, industrial wastes, use of fertilizers etc result in less rainfall. Moreover the little rainfall received is wasted as it reaches the ocean without any proper delivery methods. The existing dams and water reservoirs are hold poorly and hence little water collec ted due to seasonal rains are wasted. Hence an emergency invent to preserve this resource is necessary and steps to minimize air pollution should also be undertaken.Land usage in IndiaArea of the country 3287260sq.kmstillable area 1839560sq.kmsCultivated land area 1697000sq.kmsPopulationTotal population 1038056000Rural 71% urban 29%(www.indiastat.com)Water resourcesInternal renewable water 1260540 million cubic metersTotal renewable water 1907760 million cubic metersWater useTotal withdrawal 500000 million cubic metersAgriculture 92%Domestic 5%Industrial 3%IrrigationIrrigation potential 1135120 sq. kmsLand under irrigation 501010 sq. kmsSurface irrigation 493300 sq. kmsArea irrigated with surface water 40.5%Area irrigated with ground water 53%( research paper on survey of Indian resources 2005)The above facts all the way state the environmental condition of this great nation. The need for ground water for irrigation only is almost 53% and this ground water level is diminishing today due to lack of rains and improper irrigation methods. The surface water again is becoming contaminate because of unhygienic and improper maintenance and preservation methods. Further use of chemicals and pesticides for industry and agriculture has passing begrimed both surface and ground water. When agriculture uses highly toxic pesticides it destroys not only the soil but also the water underneath.Some of the reasons for water scarcity in India arerising demand for water as population increases over extraction of surface and ground level water delay in completion of developmental projects due to lack of cash in hand and political pressure or instable governments contamination of water resources due to the increased human impact globalization and industrial development polluting air ad water thereby altering urban climate Etc. there is a huge demand for water in the years to come especially tutelage in mind the population the demand seems to be a nightmare.In almost all p arts of India water deficiencies show an increasing trend and the superfluous show a decreasing trend Four states and one union territory have no surplus water The availability of water result reduce one fifth in three decades Government role to curb further water shortageFrom time to time government plays a major part in implementing measures to check this water scarcity. Development projects like building dams, reservoirs, cleaning tanks and increasing awareness to store and use drinking water sensibly is creation undertaken. State and central governments join together and use the allotted funds to implement such projects. But political pressure, unstable government and lack of funds create a void in these projects which is either drop awayped or not put into practice wholly. Moreover bribery in all fields curbs the growth and development of these projects.Although many NGOS and non governmental organizations and avocation establishments try to fund these projects the funds a re highly misused or mishandled by faulty politicians. Balanced growth in both agriculture and industry is needed for a countries overall performance and development. But industry is developing in India in a faster pace and it looks like agriculture is neglected. Plans to curb air pollution are needed desperately as it affects the rain and overall climatic condition of the nation. More plants should be planted and forests should be conserved and all measures to save rain water undertaken. Rain water glean was seriously implemented in some states and the result is yet to be seen. The roads and the infrastructure is very poor and nock up the slightest rain causes flash floods. puritanical drainage and town planning is missing in cities like Mumbai and Chennai.Great awareness of the results of such negligence should be spread around and slew should be educated as to the affects of global warming and air pollution. Individuals should take this mission in their hands to ensure safet y for future generation. Every successful business concern should adopt one area or town to implement development projects like planting trees, cleaning drinking water reservoirs and dams etc. individualistics for their part should maintain hygiene and prevent wastage of water.Governments should curb the vehicles promotion by making strict laws against easy availability of driving license and first-rate or punishment if driving unchecked vehicles against air and noise pollution. Industries should be made to dispose their chemicals and smoke safely so as not to pollute the air and water. Strict laws and cancellation of their industrial license should be enacted. If everyone could use water sensibly and avoid polluting substances India would become a super power rich in natural resources and hygiene.Short full term practical solutionsKeeping the surroundings clean and maintaining a social responsibility to preserve and conserve our natural resources is every individuals imminent re sponsibility Creating social awareness of this burning issue among the general public by conducting seminars, student programs and through entertainment to educate even the uneducated and down trodden To keep water bodies clean and check for pollution from nearby factories and industries Proper recycle of industrial wastes Undeterred implementation of government development schemes Strict implementation of anti pollution laws Increasing facilities in public transport and curtailing the use of private transport facilities Planting more trees Long term practical solutionsgeneral infrastructure of the cities and towns should be properly planned and implemented keeping the long term benefit in mind strict adhesion to herbal petrol and enabling gas or pollution pardon fuel regular pollution control checks in vehicles and factories strict laws against faulty companies which unload industrial waste into water bodies building tanks, dams and reservoirs to save the excess rain water from reaching the sea soil promotion and banning chemical pesticides in agriculture organic farming should be encouraged and promoted funds must be erect aside for developmental projects awareness for the need for funds should be created among NRI and all steps to utilize these funds properly should be undertaken social organizations, business establishments and individuals should be encouraged to undertake or adopt certain social duties to minimize government pressure Singapore is the worlds second free economy and second most competitive Asian economy. It is the best committed countries with a robust infrastructure to suit some other century or so. Globally connected, top ranking business environment, with stable infrastructure and diverse world class business solutions has made Singapore the top ranked and most preferred business ground. Free trade will definitely enable people from all over the world to throng Singapore but how does it maintain its resources against the growing dem and, how is it possible for this small nation to keep its streets and water bodies clean and vehicles free from polluting the atmosphere.With a total land area of only 699.0 sq. km together with the mainland and other small islands surrounding it has a annual rainfall of about 2,136 mm. the nonmigratory population is 4,483,900 and mainly consist of immigrants from neighboring Asian countries like china and India. The literacy rate above 15 years is 95% and the per capita GDP is S$ 44,666. press force in this country is 2,367,300 and the unemployment rate is just 3.4%.( http//www.sedb.com/edb/sg/en_uk/index/why_singapore/singapore_rankings.html )The country synthesis report on urban air quality management conducted in 2006 clearly states the measures taken by Singapore to prevent or restrict air pollution. The ambient AQ is regularly monitored with the help of 14 air monitoring machines pose across the island of Singapore. This monitoring has aided in the review of pollution contr ol measures and this has given a positive result in controlling air pollution in the country. AQ monitoring methods used are based on the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The offenders were prosecuted and were required to take remedial action.Since 1971 many laws are set up to maintain clean air focusing much on vehicular pollution and industrialization. The EPCA combines laws for air, water and noise pollution and gives a legislative manakin to control pollution of the environment. Lead petrol was stopped and slowly the level of sulfur from diesel was also reduced considerably to control and reduce liberation from vehicles.Ultra low sulfur diesel was introduced to implement euro 4 emission standard and it took effect from October 2006. Air quality in Singapore is the best in the world and it was possible only through strict measures taken by the government to control emission and resolve different forms of pollution. Green plan 2012 is another great step undertaken to further improve the quality of the environment for the years to come.(http//app.nea.gov.sg/cms/htdocs/category_sub.asp?cid=29 )Highly compatible and well maintained reservoirs catch every drop of rain water and this is utilized by almost half of Singapore uses this water. New projects to build new dams and reservoirs desalination plants, etc are also are being developed. To aid in this mission MEWater is set up which is high quality water received from water reclamation from 2003. Sustainability and cleanliness of water supply and environment is maintained well as Singapore stands tall as a very good example of how we should conserve and preserve our natural resources for a better tomorrow.It is clearly evident that Singapore has successfully implemented anti pollutant measures and even though its economy is growing fast the infrastructure and the low pollution levels are unchanged. There is enough water to meet all the growing needs and the greenery and the cleanliness stands pr oof of the people commitment to make their country a higher power standing out and setting an example to all other nations. Asian countries like India and china can take this as an example and with proper coordination with this country try to implement such strict rules in their country too. Finally it is a joint responsibility of both the government and the individuals and they should both commit themselves to make a better, cleaner and pollution free nation not only for us but also to our future generations.ReferenceSurvey of Indian resources research paper submitted to the Annamalai Open University. Indiawww.indiastat.comhttp//www.sedb.com/edb/sg/en_uk/index/why_singapore/singapore_rankings.htmlhttp//app.nea.gov.sg/cms/htdocs/category_sub.asp?cid=29

Federal Income Tax Formula

FEDERAL INCOME TAX FORMULA Gross Income Above the Line Deductions____ Adjusted Gross Income Itemized or Standard Deduction Exemptions_________________ Taxable Income x Applicable Marginal Tax Rates for Each Bracket Tax Liability Tax ascribe_________________ = TAX OWED ABRIDGED INCOME TAX ACCOUNTING I. Gross Income 61 A. Wages, Salaries, and Tips B. stake Income C. Dividend Income D. Other (Net) IncomeReduced by Deductible Expenses 1. State & Local Income Tax Refunds 2. criminal maintenance Received 3. Business Income or Loss 4. Capital Gains or losses 5. Taxable IRA Distributions, Pensions, & Annuities . Rents, Royalties, Partnerships, S-Corporations, Estates, Trusts 7. Unemployment Compensation & Social Security 8. Other Income II. Less Above the Line Deductions A. Unreimbursed Qualified Moving Expenses B.? of Self-Employment Tax C. Self-employed Health indemnity Deduction D. IRA Deduction E. Payments to Keogh Retirement Plan F. Penalty on Early Withdrawal of Savings G. S tudent Loan engagement Deduction H. Alimony Paid I. Tuition and Fees Deduction J. Depreciation Deduction -The Line = Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) III.Less the Greater of (1) Itemized Deductions or (2) the Standardized Deductions A. Itemized Deductions 1. Medical and Dental 2. State Taxes 3. Interest Expense on Qualified Mortgage Indebtedness 4. Casualty & Theft Losses 5. Miscellaneous Itemized Deductions i)Misc. Deductions Subject to 2% AGI floor ii)Misc. Deductions Exempt from 2% AGI Floor B. Standard Deduction 63 IV. Less Exemptions = Taxable Income V. Tax Liability = Taxable Income x Applicable Marginal Tax Rates VI. Less Tax Credits A. Historical Building Rehabilitation B. Renewable Energy C. Work Opportunity Tax Credit D. Qualifying Child Tax Credit = TAX OWED

Advertising to Children Notes Essay

* Children cannot comprehend advertise mess whiles due to their young age. * Children dont substantiate weighty purpose until they are eight or nine years old and that it is unethical to advertise to them before then. According to Karpatkin and Holmes from the Consumers Union, Young children, in tripicular, concord difficulty in distinguishing between denote and reality in ads, and ads can distort their view of the world. Additionally children are unable to evaluate advertising claims. Beder, 1998) * Older children pay little attention to advertisements and are more able to differentiate between the ads and TV programs but they are also easy prey for advertisers. Around puberty, in their primal teens, children are forming their own identities and they are highly vulnerable to pressure to conform to group standards and mores. At this age they feel insecure and want to feel that they give air to their peer group.Advertising manipulates them through their insecurities, seek ing to define normality for them influencing the way they view and obtain appropriate models for the adult world and undermining fundamental human value in the development of the identity of children. Advertisements actively encourage them to seek happiness and esteem through consumption. (Beder, 1998) * Younger children often do not deduct the coaxing flavour of advertisements, and even older children probably pick up difficulty discretion the intent of parvenuer marketing techniques that blur the line between commercial and program circumscribe. Calvert, 2008)* unitary key area in research on the effect of advertising on children has been analysis of age-based changes in childrens ability to understand commercial messages, curiously their intent. Before they reach the age of eight, children believe that the purpose of commercials is to help them in their purchasing decisions they are unaware that commercials are designed to persuade them to corrupt special harvests. T he shifts that take office staff in childrens understanding of commercial intent are better explained using theories of cognitive development. Calvert, 2008) * During the stage of preoperational thought, roughly from age ii to age seven, young children are perceptually bound and focus on properties such as how a product looks. Young children also use animistic thinking, believing that imaginary events and characters can be real. For instance, during the Christmas season, television is flooded with commercials that foster an interest in the toys that Santa will bring in his sleigh pulled by travel reindeer. Young children buy in to these fantasies and the consumer culture they represent.Preoperational modes of thought put young children at a distinct disadvantage in understanding commercial intent and, thus, in being able to make informed decisions about requests and purchases of products. (Calvert, 2008) * With the advent of concrete operational thought, between age seven and ag e eleven, children let to understand their world more realistically. They understand, for example, that perceptual manipulations do not change the underlying properties of objects. More important, they begin to go beyond the training given in a commercial and grasp that the intent of advertisers is to sell products.By the stage of formal operational thought, about age twelve and upward, adolescents can reason abstractly and understand the motives of advertisers even to the usher of growing cynical about advertising. (Calvert, 2008) * Increased use of the Internet to tar shit children offers increasing opportunities for advertisers to convey their messages. * A new arena for advertising is the Internet. It is estimated that about four million children are using the Internet worldwide and this figure is bound to increase dramatically over the next few years. Beder, 1998) * As the enormous increase in the number of uncommitted television channels has led to smaller audiences for ea ch channel, digital interactive technologies reserve simultaneously subject new routes to narrow cast to children, thereby creating a growing media space just for children and childrens products. (Calvert, 2008)* Newer marketing approaches digest led to online advertising and to so-called larceny marketing techniques, such as embedding products in the program content in films, online, and in video games. Calvert, 2008) * Television has long been the staple of advertising to children and offspring. Children view virtually 40,000 advertisements each year. The products marketed to children sugarcoated cereals, fast food restaurants, candy, and toyshave remained relatively constant over clock time. But marketers are now directing these same kinds of products to children online. (Calvert, 2008) * Rapid growth in the number of television stations and online venues has also led advertisers to market directly to children and callowness.Because children and youth are heavy media user s and early adopters of newer technologies, media marketing and advertising campaigns using both(prenominal) television and newer media are efficient pathways into childrens homes and lives. Although television is still the preferred medium for reaching children and youth, marketers are exploring how to reach this age group online using cubicle phones, iPods, game platforms, and separate digital devices. Banner ads, for example, which resemble conventional billboard ads but market a product across the top of an Internet page, step to the fore on approximately webpages.And advergames integrate products such as cereal and candy into online video games to sell products to youth. (Calvert, 2008) * Although television is still the dominant venue for advertising, marketers are exploring new ways to market to children and adolescents through online media and wireless devices, often using stealth techniques whereby consumers are immersed in branded environments, frequently without kno wing that they are being undecided to sophisticated marketing campaigns. Marketers carefully analyze children and adolescents interest patterns, focusing on games for tweens, as well as communication software for teens.Tracking these patterns provides extensive information that marketers now analyze in aggregate form, but that can, in the future, be used for one-on-one relational marketing strategies directed at specific individuals. (Calvert, 2008) * Online interactive agents are a virtual form of stealth advertising. Marketers program robots, or bots, to reply? to surfers who initiate a conversation. Such bots are programmed to respond to users in a one-on-one relational way that builds brand loyalty, as for instance, with virtual bartenders who talk to those who vi put their sites.These alcohol- interrelated websites feature humor, games, and hip language to appeal to minors. (Calvert, 2008) * Many companies have realized that children, particularly tweens and teens, enjoy usin g engineering science for education, communication, and entertainment purposes. The Internet allows tweens and teens to become involved with, explore, and learn about products when and where they want to (Schumann and Thorson, 2007).* Some marketers suggest that the best way to engage children through the Internet is by the use of viral or buzz marketing strategies that encourage children to email their avourite commercials and other product information to each other (Schumann and Thorson, 2007). As the Internet has happend to grow in prominence and commercial strength, concerns about this medium have grown accordingly, particularly as they relate to children and teens (Schumann and Thorson, 2007).* Typically, these concerns focus around issues of time spent on the Internet and its effect on intellectual and social development, the vulnerability of children to advertisers tactics and childrens entry to remote content (Schumann and Thorson, 2007). One of the concerns often voiced about children and Internet advertising is how lots time children are exposed to advertising messages while online and also how much attention they pay to these messages (Schumann and Thorson, 2007). * Because exposure to Internet advertising is not regulated like advertising on broadcast television, there is concern about the make out of exposure that a child may have to advertising messages. On television, a single advertisement for a single brand may weather 30-60 seconds before switching to another advertisement.On the internet, however, a child can give-up the ghost hours on a single web site playing games, chatting to friends, familial up on product news, all while being continually exposed to a range of persuasive messages for that brand (Schumann and Thorson, 2007). * While television and other media have long been used to sell to children, the Internet presents some important differences. For example, television advertisers are rented to maintain a clear separation be tween content and advertising Internet advertisers are not.And television advertisers are prohibited from using their corporate logos both as content and pitchmen at the same time Internet advertisers face no such restrictions. As a result, Tony the Tiger has free rein among the games, quizzes and activities on Kelloggs site, while on television he is restricted to station breaks (Carleton, 2000). * Today, children spend an estimated $130 million annually, and influence another $500 million in household purchases.And the Internet is a great place to reach those young consumers (Carleton, 2000). * Unlike traditional media, the Internet allows children and adolescents to access different kinds of content, and a specific characteristic is that this can be done in privacy, without the acquaintance of parents (Marshall, 2010). * The most influential sources of information for children today making decisions and keeping contact with peers are media, meaning that children receive far more information from media than from parents and cultivates.This phenomenon has been called the parallel initiate of media, which means that children and adolescents will daily use up several hours on various media (Marshall, 2010). * Children can very quickly adopt and use new media technology and companies and advertising agencies are extremely innovative and creative when it is a question of targeting children with commercial messages (Marshall, 2010).* Children are targeted because of the amount of gold they spend on themselves, the influence they have on their parents and because of the money they will spend when they grow up (three different markets). Young children are increasingly the target of advertising and marketing because of the amount of money they spend themselves, the influence they have on their parents spending (the nag factor) and because of the money they will spend when they grow up. (Beder, 1998) * Children represent three different markets. In auxiliary to t he direct money that children spend and the money they influence, children also represent a third major market and perhaps the most significant and that is the future market.Advertisers appreciate that brand loyalties and consumer habits formed when children are young and vulnerable will be carried through to adulthood. (Beder, 1998) * In Australia, children under 18 have an average $31. 60 to spend each week and they influence more than 70 per cent of their parents clothes and fast food purchases. (Beder, 1998) * Both the discretionary income of children and their power to influence parent purchases have increased over time. (Calvert, 2008) * The affluence of todays children and adolescents has made youth a market eminently worthy of pursuit by businesses. Calvert, 2008)* Evolution of a child consumer. (Beder, 1998) From age 1 Accompanying Parents and Observing. Children are taken with their parents to supermarkets and other stores where all sorts of goodies are displayed. By the time a child can sit erect, he or she is placed in his or her culturally defined observation post high atop a shopping cart. From this vantage point the child stays safety in proximity to parents but can see for the scratch time the wonderland of marketing. From age 2 Accompanying Parents and Requesting.Children begin to ask for things that they see and make connections between television advertising and store contents. They pay more attention to those ads and the list of things they want increases. At the same time, the youngster is learnedness how to get parents to respond to his or her wishes and wants. This may take the form of a grunt, whine, scream, or gestureindeed some tears may be requiredbut eventually almost all children are able on a regular basis to persuade Mom or Dad to buy something for them. From age 3 Accompanying Parents and Selecting with Permission.Children are able to come down from the shopping trolley and make their own choices. They are able to recogni se brands and adjudicate goods in the store. At this point the child has completed many connections, from advertisements to wants, to stores, to displays, to packages, to retrieval of want-satisfying products. For many parents this is a pleasing experience. Ditto for the marketers, for it signals the beginning of the childs understanding of the want-satisfaction process in a market-driven society. From age 4 Accompanying Parents and Making In unfree Purchases.The final step in their development as a consumer is scholarship to pay for their purchases at the checkout counter. From age 5 Going to the Store Alone and Making Independent Purchases. By the age of eight children make most of their own buying decisions. * Integrating a variety of different theoretical perspectives, Patti Valkenburg and Joanne Cantor advanced a developmental model? of how children become consumers * In the first stage (birth to two years), toddlers and infants have desires and preferences, but they are n ot yet true consumers because they are not yet truly goal-directed in their product choices. During the second stage (two to five years), preschoolers nag and negotiate, asking for and even demanding certain products.At this point in their development, young children do not understand the persuasive intent of commercials they focus on the attractive qualities of products and cannot keep their minds off the products for long. These developmental characteristics make them extremely vulnerable to commercial advertisements. By the end of this stage, children replace whining and throwing tantrums to get a desired product with more effective negotiation.In early elementary school (five to eight years), children reach the stage of adventure and first purchases. They begin to make clearer distinctions between what is real and what is imaginary, their attention spans are longer, and they make their first purchases outside the company of their parents. * In the final stage (eight to twelve ye ars), elementary school children are attuned to their peer groups opinions. Their critical skills to assess products emerge, and their understanding of others emotions improves considerably.In the later years of this stage, interest shifts from toys to more adult-like products, such as music and sports equipment. Although childrens consumer behaviors continue to develop during the adolescent years, the foundation is laid in these early years with a progression from simple wants and desires to a search to fulfill those desires to making in- dependent choices and purchases to evaluating the product and its competition * (All Beder, 1998). The ability of elementary children to recognize both traditional online advertising such as banner and button ads and embedded advertising that is part of advergames seems to be limited.With only about a third of the children able to accurately identify advertising, a large percentage is left unable to identify advertising content. * Childrens cultur e is increasingly dominated and defined by market interests, as advertisers, childrens industries, and other producers of consumer goods clamour to capture the hearts, minds and pocketbooks of this profitable demographic. * The creation of online communities and spaces for children and youth has thus become a growing and lucrative endevour for many media, toy and food companies.This article provides a critical analysis of one such online conjunction called NeoPets, whose premise is that users create or adopt a virtual pet to nuture. * Acquisition of currency (called NeoPoints), gained by playing various games, exchanging or selling items, plectrum out marketing surveys, and entering contests and games of chance, allows for the purchase o pet food and other virtual consumer products. * Neopets is part of a landscape of global, youthful, digital entertainment products that have emerged with the Internet and technological convergence.In its few years of operation, 16 million users ha ve created Neopets. According to promotional material, Neopets is one of the fastest growing Internet youth communities. * The neopets site generates revenue through a strategy it calls immersive marketing, a scheme similar to product placement in films. Food manufacturers and entertainment giants have thus flocked to neopets, eager to reach this youthful market through insinuation of their brand in games and activities on the site. * Neopets generates a substantial part of its revenue by providing market research and consumer studies of its users. The neopets website exemplifies the new childrens digital media culture- a culture which fosters deepening levels of intimacy between marketer and children by dissolving traditional barriers between content and commerce.* In neopia, products and brand names are integrated within the many games and features that are part of the rich content on the site. Advertisers and entertainment companies such as Walt Disney, McDonalds and Mattel have flocked to Neopets, eager to reach the tween and teen market. * The majority of neopets users are under 18 years of age, with 39% below the age of 12 and 40% between 13-17 years old. Neopets conforms to modern conventions found in Saturday-morning cartoon series, comics, childrens advertising and product design the use of a brilliantly coloured palate, with a predominance of primary and secondary colours, and highly-stylized bubbly graphics.* Immersive advertising directly integrates a sponsors product or service into the activities available with in the site. Advertisers hope that immersive advertising campaigns will encourage children to play with the products, thus enabling them to later identify their brand. As children and youth continue to expand their access and presence on the Internet, they adopt participatory roles in the creation of online content and contribute in meaningful ways to online environments, including games and communities.* As children are sucked into the co mmercial grading in an increasingly competitive cradle-to-grave branding strategy, neopets strategy of immersive advertising amidst a fantastical community concerned with the ethos of acquisition and entrepreneurialism as entertainment provides a striking example of childhood as a cultural space constituted by consumerism. Neopets global marketing strategy of cross-media licensing and integrated marketing is a unconcealed example of branding childrens media environments. Slapping consumer culture onto childrens culture means we are denying children a degree of autonomy and agency in creating their own spaces.

Dramatic Importance of Similar Themes Essay

A distinct art form like a poem, novel or play, a defraud story is a short piece of writing, having few characters, conflicts, a theme, a setting and a point of view, commonly fewer than 10,000 words. Every detail contri furtheres to the unity of effect. Most short stories can connect if they include similar elements, characteristics or qualities including character instruction and themes. In the short stories A Deal in Ostriches, The Beautiful Suit, and The Triumphs of a Taxidermist, all write by H. G.Wells, there are similar features in the representation the author writes just about the theme of hu gays going through with(predicate) major changes in their lifetime, which shows how important this fundamental is in the plot development of a short story. Whether the change is confirming or contradict all hu troopss go through many changes that could as well be life altering. In A Deal in Ostriches, this theme is situated to play out a role, so the main character goes through a dramatic change from start to finish, ending with a twist to show the main characters true side.In The Beautiful suit, the main character goes through his major change at the end as well, starting time false as a man boy, but dying happily in the end. In The triumphs of a Taxidermist, the taxidermist starts off as a man of an unintelligent nature, but concludes in the founding of an extinct species of a innovative Zealand bird, showing his true identity. These factors religious service prove that the consistency of having the same theme, helps plot development and structure bigly in short stories.In A Deal in Ostriches, the theme is showing that the main character goes through a shiny change in his life and role as the story progress to the finish. The main character Padishah, tends to be a loyal character who needs help finding his jewel. We believe he is against Potter, who is trying to steal his jewel for his own contentment. In the end we consider the fact that Padishah changes throughout the story and turns against everyone to be on Potters side.This story concludes with a bit of a twist, A week or so after landing I was down Regent-street doing a bit of shopping, and who should I see arm-in-arm and having a purple time of it but Padishah and Potter. (Wells 4) This shows that even if someone is reliable or trustworthy at the start, it does not mean they will never change. Padishah is a perfect example of how life situations will always change over time. In The Beautiful Suit, the main character is a little man, who goes through a major change at the end of the story, showing the theme of how life changes can occur in very little periods of time.He starts off as a sad man because his mother would never let him wear his favourite suit, but dies happily in the end. But his face was a face of such happiness that, had you seen it, you would have understood indeed how that he had died happy. (Wells 4) He is the one who changes his feelings he decides t o go out and live his life the way he wanted to. One night he decided he was going to do everything he ever wished to do, including wearing his suit.We find out that his negative attitude turned into a positive one just by changing the way he felt he should be doing things. This little man starts his life in a way he did not feel was right, so he took a chance to turn his life around, and he did. He died happily, just as he wished he would. This shows the theme of human life changing noticeably, and how it can also change in an encouraging way. In The triumphs of a Taxidermist, the main character who is a taxidermist starts off hiding who he truly is, but ends up showing how truly smart and sneaky he is in the end.The taxidermist does not tell or show anyone his uniqueness until the end of the story when he reveals that he found a species of a New Zealand bird which is extinct. One man questioned Is it one of those big birds recently extinct in New Zealand? (Wells 2) No one truly be lieved that the taxidermist actually founded this spices, but life is full of unexpected surprises. If you are gentle and composed, you can always change your ways in life and become a man of great power.The taxidermist showed that humans go through major changes or chose to make those changes themselves, sometime throughout their lifetime. In conclusion all three of these well written short stories by H. G Wells, brought me to the attention that similar themes, such as the theme of humans going through major changes, is very important in plot development of a short story. These short stories all include a main character that goes through dramatic changes from start to finish presenting its similarities. Everything has something in common you just need to be imaginative to find it out.

History of Jesuits in Latin America Essay

The presence of the Catholic Church in almost all(a) the corners of the world has gone on unchallenged. For centuries, Catholic Orders suck up played a role in exerting social, spectral and economic captivates over underdeveloped remote societies. Whereas today much(prenominal) missions may have deemed redundant especially with the emergence of rival denominations and modernization, history is laden with examples of such missions that changed the course of societies. ane such presence that has been closely examined and one recognized for the multi-tiered influence it had on the society is the Jesuits Order in Latin the States. In their wake, they left a society with an established ne twork of economic, social and educational order onwards they were expelled by the crown governments for their conflicting economic, governmental and ideological interests. The Catholic Dogma remains a formid commensurate force in Latin America portentous that of each other church and having a so lidified control over the religious life of the populace.The history of the Catholic Church in Latin America dates back to the late 16th century as priests from various orders embarked on a mission to spread the word to the indigenous remote areas of the South American continent. The Jesuits had a late stretch compared to other orders but notwithstanding this, they have been recognized as having left an indelible mark and impression upon the natives more than any other religious group.The story of their decidetlement has been easily chronicled and retold to generations after generations. Though their relationship would eventually sour leading to the hostile eviction and suppression of their dogma, the Jesuits were warm welcomed by the Spanish and Portuguese colonial governments who positively viewed western religion as an apt tool for civilizing the natives and introducing western ways thus make them easily governable (Robert, 2008).Immense scholarly attention has been channel ed to establish the major reasons behind the success of Jesuits in Latin America and the rationalization of their solid foothold despite being late entrants. While some literature may focus on the seemingly vast resources they wielded as enabling them to finance elaborate religious expeditions, many historians have come to the conclusion that the success lay in Jesuits willingness to blend Christianity with the existing pre-colonial culture.It has to be reiterated that the main motivation the colonial governments welcoming the missionaries was because they apothegm them as sugar coated baits to the Indians which would look into their submissiveness to the colonial authority. To the colonists, these Reductions (mission settlements) would be appropriate tools for bringing the Indians together for the purpose of taxation and effective colonization.In Mexico, these settlements were referred to as conregacion age in Brazil they were called aldeias and were seen as appropriate instrume nts for the Europeanization of the Indians (Gary, 2010). The Jesuits first set foot in Paraguay, amongst the Tupi-Guarani peoples before extending their influence to areas such as Brazil, Uruguay and genus Argentina amongst others. The initial arrival of the Jesuits in Latin America was facilitated by the Spanish crown and the superiors in Rome as a joint effort to popularize Christianity as well as civilize the indigenous communities.It is the zeal with which they interacted with the natives and also with the Spanish colonial government that would determine their success. Their initial abodes were in the European dominated settlements. They found themselves at a disadvantage because other mission pioneers such as the Dominicans and the Franciscans had already mapped out and occupied the easily accessible territories and hence the Jesuits had to venture deep into the Aztec imperialism to stress the indigenous populations.Although eager to work with the native communities, prudence dictated that they had to commence their mission in the Spanish populated zones before venturing into the interiors. It is here hence that they set a solid foundation and initiated educational institutions that had a philosophical impact upon the immediate society as well as extending to the rest of the colony (Herman 1). One glaring impact that the Jesuits had in Latin America was the solidifying of the economic base of the locals.Scholarly interest has over the years been devoted to explore the extremity of the Jesuits wealth and economic interests across South America and has revealed astronomical resources that led to the survival and the expansion of the Jesuit mission but ironically was also a source of conflict with the state and also the private secular haciendas. The Jesuit order was institutionalized in Rome in 1535 and unlike other orders was able to cultivate a cohesive structure away from the wrangles that characterized the state and church relations.Coupled with astut e management of financial resources, the urban and rural properties that they owned, the Jesuits were able to brandish the sphere of their mission deep into the interior (Enrique 1981). With such immense resources, the Jesuits were able to set up major maturement facilities as well as ensure the provision of social amenities such as health and education. As most have concurred, the Jesuits were administrative geniuses with their file and rank laden with individuals of various skills and competences.As Oreste (97) agrees, under the religious habit of the order were hidden skilled technicians in the most distinct specialties educators and psychologist engineers and architects metal workers and agriculturalist artisans of many different backings doctors and pharmacists and even painters and sculptors. Armed with such immense human resources, they left a decisive influence on the local communities. The schools they set up for the natives were unprecedented.Although there exists othe r universities set up by the Dominicans and the Franciscans, the Jesuit schools have been recognized for their powerful impact. An example of the famous universities they set up include san Ignacio de Loyola in Cordoba and Xaverian University in Bogota situated in Argentina and Colombia respectively. A notable contribution has been hailed as having been upon the Indian tribes spanning across both North and South America. By the time the Jesuits began their settlement in Latin America, the Indians were either gatherers or nomadic hunters.By the close of their 150 years of stay, the Indians had become a more organized and educated community with social and economic summit meeting equaling that of medieval western townspeoples. Examples that have been greatly highlighted are the Guarani towns referred to as the Settlements of Paraguay. These settlements would later become urbanized being pull under the charge of Jesuit priests support by selected Indians. These settlements formed c ore units of the national economy creating a concentrated web of economic and social traffic. Each settlement was self autonomous stand in with a church and artisan workshops.Education was a core concern and was a main preoccupation to the priests it was a hence necessary that each town be equipped with a school and a library. Indians in the Jesuit settlements were able to accomplish a high level of economic, social and cultural development outdoing even the Spanish towns in the region. Undoubtedly, the Jesuits had a huge economic, social, religious and cultural impact in Latin America. Their prosperity and a strong sense of emancipation put them on a collision path with the Spanish and Portugal crowns and it was only a matter of time before they were expelled.Indeed in 1767, the Spanish pouf announced the banishment of all Jesuits from all the Spanish controlled areas. This would consequently lead to the taking over of all Jesuit possessions by the colonial government and the i ssuance to Europe of all Jesuits under arrest. The woes leading to the expulsion of the Jesuits can be traced to Europe where strong opposition began to arise coupled by a apostolical decree to dissolve the Jesuit mission or what was known as the Company of Jesus.A diagnosis of the conflict between the Jesuits and the Spanish crown reveals that it revolved around economic, ideological and political factors. There are those that have pointed out that the immense resources that the Jesuits accumulated and their seemingly prosperity was their undoing. As reiterated above, the Jesuits became a major economic class leading to the development of Jesuit haciendas. A wealthy class of Jesuits that owned huge tracts of plantations becoming influential figures in both social and political circles.This involvement in economic concerns in the long-term led to the development of conditions that deviated from the original intent of the Company of Jesus. Like the secular haciendas, the Jesuits beg an enjoying elite privileges and pursuing interests that put them at a crossroad with the crown administration. The Jesuits were also seen as undermining the crown by exploiting the special relations they enjoyed with the Indians they protected. There were claims that the Jesuits were treasonable and were engaged in cabalistic plots against the crown.An example would be an uprising in Oporto referred to as the Taverners Revolt which was alleged to have been plotted by the Jesuits albeit never being proven. To the secular haciendas, the Jesuits economic artistry was a major threat to their livelihood. The Jesuits were accused of unfair trade practices and of grabbing the fertile lands at the expense of other enterprising Europeans. For instance they were accused of monopolizing the spice trade in the Amazon and of locking other interested traders using unfair practices. Herman, 1980)The wealth and the influence that the Jesuits wielded hence left them at a precarious dapple creati ng a fear amongst other groups that their domination would lead to the disintegration of the Portuguese and the Spanish crowns paving way for the taking over the mantle by the Jesuits who by then were spread almost across the whole of South America. It was for these reasons that the pope issued a banning decree and the crown governments followed it up by expelling all the Jesuits, confiscating their properties and their huge plantations (Jeffrey, 2004)Indeed the history of the Jesuits in Latin America and their accomplishments remain exemplary. Touted as one of the most influential group of missionaries from Europe, the Jesuit settlement in its wake, and after close to 150 years, left a more advanced economy with advances in education that has continued to be recognized more than two centuries after the banishment of Jesuits. While the major reasons for their expulsion lay in the numerous political, economic and ideological conflicts with the secular haciendas, the crown and the aut horities in Rome, their make pass left a major blow to south America that would take years to mend.

Marcus Ang Is A Member From The Field Sales Section Essay

Marcus Ang is a member from the field sales section. His sales capital punishment in the recent months has been below target in contrast to his outstanding sales in the bygone years. Marcus blames it on the poor economic situation, however the early(a) sales round seem to able witness their target. How should peeress may May attribute Marcuss performance? First of all, Madam May May has to know about what happened to Marcus. What causes him to blame the poor economic situation while the other sales staff still be able to meet their target. As we learn from the organization fashion, we know that employees conduct will affect the performance of an organization. According to Fritz Heider and H.H. Kelly, they stated that peoples style is affected by internal and external actors. On the other hand, Kelleys attribution theory refers to three types of factors which are distinctiveness, consensus and consistency.long suit is about whether the subordinates behavior occur during the performance of this lying-in only? Next, consensus is like whether this behavior unusual for the subordinates peers? Then, consistency is about if this behavior unusual for the subordinate in other situations? In this situation, Madam May May should first consider about the factor of consensus. As Marcus cannot be able to hit the target while other are able to reach their target. Next Madam May May should consider about locus of control dimension, which mean whether the primary cause of the behavior is a characteristic of the subordinate, or a characteristic of the situation. Second ,stability dimension whether the subordinate is likely to go on stable or unstable? The crossing of the locus of control and stability dimensions produces four casual factor that a leader can utilize to explain a subordinates behavior, ability , task difficulty , luck ,chance, effort.

Migration from developing countries Essay

Migration process simple eyeated from ancient times when race move from this place to other place due to the exhaustion of nature resources. Pass thousands year of increase, concourse have non only searched for natural resources for their demand but likewise they have looked for a invigoration with high quality of living, education and social security. Nowadays, there atomic number 18 many passel living for outside from their base of operations country. Environmental problems, poor, conflict and riot, corruption and gap between rich and poor countries be all in all eventor cause migration. As the matter of the fact is almost migrants move from create countries to highly-developed countries such as the coupled States, Canada, France, Italy and Germany to find stabilization and freedom. According to United Nations (2013), 3.2 percent of worlds population over 230 million people were international migrants in 2013.Moreover, migrants have significant influence in not on ly society but also economy of both aband oned countries and the countries they are moving to. Although, migration could jazz to wizardry drain and income discrepancy but migration from developing countries to developed countries should not stopped because it provides grand trade union movement for the shortage of workers in developed countries as well as reducing the poverty in developing countries. Migration should not be stopped because migrants from developing countries are providing a large proportion of worker for fatigue shortages in developed countries. According to a report from International course Leader (n.d), more than 40% of labor forces in the Gulf region are migrants.Additionally, the labor workforce in the United States is increase because of growing of international migration. Foreign-born persons (in the United States) accounted for 16.4 percent of the local labor force 23.1 million people (Singer 2012). Furthermore, over one in every four foreign workers in the United Stated are Mexican made up approximately 4 percent of labor force (Grieco & Ray 2004). Furthermore, agree to take Force survey of Eurostat (2013), in 2012, 8.6 million foreigners who came from outside Europe worked in 27 countries in Europe. These data figures suggest that the supplementation of migrants from developing countries into labor force in developed countries were strong yard for the benefit of migration. However, it has been argued that migration leads to brain drain in developing countries.The International Organization of Migration (IOM) estimated that Africa has lost one-third of its gracious resources,particularly skilled people (Siddiqui, 2012). Since 1990, proximately 20,000 doctors, university lectures, engineers and other professionals have gone to developed countries every year (Unesco, (n.d)). This understand claims that brain drain is a worrying problem in some countries that have a piffling number of qualified people in workforce. For exam ple, Ethiopia has the highest rate of losing human resources. Over 10 -15 eld ago, 50% of Ethiopians did not come dorsum their country after finishing their courses in foreign countries (African reincarnation embassador (n.d)). Moreover, between 1988 and 1991, 74,6% of human capital from many different organizations was lost in Ethiopia (African Renaissance Ambassador (n.d)).Additionally, 75% Jamaicans who are extremely educated have been in the United States (Newland, 2003). According to Migration Policy Institute, a abundant proportion of highly skilled people 12% of population in Mexico is working in the United States and 30% of its was PhDs (Newland, 2003). Therefore, if losing highly skilled people continues, impact of brain drain from migration to developing countries is enormous. The is no denying the fact that developing countries have lost many highly skilled people due to migration but they also got benefits from its. Firstly, developing countries received a lot of r emittances from migrants. In 2010, according to the Factbooks, remittances from migrants sending back to developing countries change magnitude from $307 billion in 2009 to $325 billion in 2010 three times the size of official development assistances (Theguardian, 2010). close to of remittances amount are transferred to middle- income countries. Furthermore, remittances have an important role in some poorest countries that made up to 25% of countries GDP (Theguardian, 2010). Secondly, there is a trend for migrants to return their basis countries taking new skills and knowledge back with them base on policies for coaxing talent of the government in developing countries. For example, Chinese government has attached specific important to seek and develop talent for Chinese living aboard in recent years through some programs such as the 2008 thousand Talents Program 2010 Thousand Young Talents Program 2011 Thousand Foreign Experts Program 2011 Special Talent Zone and the 2012 Ten T housand Talent Plan.The purpose of those programs was to attract Chinese migrants return back and contribute their talent for the development of nation. In 2008, over 3,300 Chinese highly skilled professional returned back their home countries by The Thousand TalentsProgram (United Nations Chronicle (2013)). Consequently, the problem of brain drain would not be a matter of concern of migration from developing countries to developed countries. Another issues are migration can reduce poverty in developing countries. At national level, remittances from international migrants have capacious effect on poverty. According a survey of Adams and Page (2005) which crossing 71 countries, investigated that every 10% of increasing in official international remittances per capita causes decline of 3.5% in people living poverty.Furthermore, international remittances was be as a method for deep and severity of poverty in Latin America, East atomic number 74 and South Africa, South Asia and oth er religion (Adams 1991 Adams 2006 Ajayi et al. 2009 Anyanwu and Erhijakpor 2010 Fajnzylber and Lopez 2007 Gupta et al. 2007 Lachaud 1999). In Nepal, national poverty rate fall from 42% in 1995-1996 to 31% in 2003-2004 because of growing significantly in remittances ( population Bank 2006). In growth, remittances were responsible for considerable reduction on poverty at family level. In South Africa, remittances from migrants accounted for 32% of family unit income in inelegant (Rwelamira and Kirsten 2003). In overall migrant household income in the four districts of Bangladesh, 55% of its were from international remittances (Siddiqui & Abrar 2003).According to the IOM household remittance survey of Bangladesh (2009) investigated that remittances were cause of 20% migrant household who have increased household income at least once. Dang & et all (2010) found that families have members which are migrant can earn more coin and save it give than family with no migrants. In Ghana, the impact of economic shocks on household welfare had already decreased significantly due to remittances (Kwankye and Anarfi 2011). On the other hand, some studies found that international remittances are presumable to increase income variation.In 2006, base on data of household survey in Ghana, Adams investigated that Gini index is a standard measure of income dissimilarity, increased from 0.402 to 0.413 when remittances are included in family income. Furthermore, richer family received remittances much more than poorer family in Eastern European and former Soviet Union (World Bank, 2007). Milanovic (1987) also support for this idea after apply panel date from the 1973, 1978 and 1983 Yugoslavian household survey, the inequality is increased due to international remittances. According to Stahl (1982) and Lipton (1980)migration melt down to increase inequality in folksy areas because only wealthy families can give facilities for searching better change for familys members in urban or aboard. In addition, a study of Adams (1989) indicated increasing inequality has happened Egypt because of international remittances.It has argued that international remittances have no impact to increase significantly income inequality, even decrease income inequality index. In 2006, Mckenzie analyzed data of 214 cities with population less than 100,000 people and investigated that migration is a cause of increasing income inequality in the early period but as levels of migration increase, remittances tend to reduce income inequality. Additionally, a survey conducted in Philippines by Yang and Martinez (2006) with a sample group of 26,121 families, which showed that the impact of international remittances on income equality was not statistically significant. Moreover, other report also indicated that remittances have positive effect to increase income and decrease income inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean (Acosta & et al, 2007).In another recent study, Gubert, Lassourd and Mespl-Somps (2009) found that poverty rates in Mali decreased from 16% to 11% and income inequality by about 5%. Similarly, remittances have been toward for improving the welfare of poorer rural households (Stark and Taylor (1989) Adams (1991)). Therefore, international remittances have impact of decreasing income equality in developing countries. Migration is not problem for one country or one area of the world. Furthermore, migration has both positive and negative effect to country of origin and destination. However, the fact is that developing countries continue to face challenges to brain drain and income inequality caused by migration.In addition international remittances from migrant sending their home countries help to reduce poverty at nation and family level. At the same time, migration from developing countries provides a huge proportion of worker for labor shortage in developed countries. Migration is benefit to the social and economy. This is to say migratio n from developing countries to developed countries should not be stopped because of reducing poverty and providing employees for labor shortage.ReferenceAcosta, P., Fajnzylber, P and Lopez, J. H. (2007). The Impact of Remittances on Poverty and Human Capital Evidence from Latin American HouseholdSurveys. World Bank Policy Research Working, paper 4247, June.Adams, R., H., Jr. 1989. Worker Remittances and discrepancy in Rural Egypt. Economic Development and Cultural Change 38, No. 1 45-71.Adams, R., H., Jr. 1991. The effect of International Remittances on Poverty, Inequality, and Development in Rural Egypt. IFPRI Research Report 86, Washington IFPRIAdams, R. H. Jr 2006. Remittances and poverty in Ghana. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3838. Washington, DC World Bank.African Renaissance Ambassador (n.d). Brain drain in Africa.. Last thought processed 26 June 2014, from http//www.aracorporation.org/files/factsandfigures.pdfBiffl, G (n.d). Labour market integrating of low sk illed migrants in Europe economic impact. Last viewed 26 June 2014, from http//migrationfiles.ucdavis.edu/uploads/rs/files/2012/ciip/biffl-eu-lowskilledmigrants.pdfClemens, M. 2007. Do Visas Kill? wellness Effects of African Health Professional Emigration. CGD Working Paper, No. 114, Center for Global Development, Washington DC.Grieco, E. & Ray, B. 2004. Mexican immigrants in the United States labor force. Last viewed 26 June 2014, from http//www.migrationpolicy.org/article/mexican-immigrants-us-labor-forceGubert, F. T. Lassourd and S. Mespl-Somps. 2009. Do remittances affect poverty and inequality? Evidence from Mali. Last view 29 June 2014 from http//gdri.dreem.free.fr/wp-content/gubert_lassourd_mesple-somps_paper.pdfEurostat, (2013). Labor force survey Foreign citixens accounted for 7% of get along employment in the Eu27 in 2012. Last viewed 29 June 2014, from http//epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_PUBLIC/3-07062013-BP/EN/3-07062013-BP-EN.PDFHall, M., Singer, A., Jong, F. F. D, and Graefe, D. R 2011. The geography of in-migration skills Educational profiles of metropolitan areas. Last viewed 26 June 2014, from http//www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2011/06/immigrants-singerInternational Business Leader (2010). Business and migration from risk to opportunity. Last viewed 29 June 2014, from http//c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.gbsnonline.org/resource/collection/C6833BC0-02C0-42E2-8804-5FAB1D3B217B/BusinessAndMigration.pdfLipton. M. (1980), Migration from Rural Areas of Poor Countries The Impact of Rural productivity and Income Distribution, World Development, Vol. 8, 1 24.Lucas ,R.E.B 2006. Migrations and Economic Development in Africa A Review of Evidence. Journal of African Economies, Vol. 15, AERC Supplement 2, pp. 337-395.McKenzie, D. (2006), Beyond Remittances The Effects of Migration on Mexican Households, in C. Ozden and M. Schiff (eds), International Migration, Remittances and the Brain Drain, World Bank, Washington, DCMilanovic, B. 1987.Patterns of Reg ional Growth in Yugoslavia, 1952-1983, Journal of Development Economics, vol. 25, pp. 1-19.Newland, K. (2003). Migrantion as a factor in development and poverty reduction. Last viewed 29 June 2014, from http//www.migrationpolicy.org/article/migration-factor-development-and-poverty-reductionSinger. E 2012. Immigration workers in the U.S labor force. Last viewed 26 June 2014, from http//www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2012/03/15-immigrant-workers-singerSiddiqui, T. (2012). Impact of migration on poverty and development. Last viewed 29 June 2014, from http//migratingoutofpoverty.dfid.gov.uk/files/file.php?name=wp2-impact-of-migration-on-poverty-and-development.pdf&site=354Stahl, C., (1982). Labor Emigration and Economic Development, International Migration Review, Vol. 16, 868 99.Stark, O and Taylor J. E. (1989), Relative Deprivation and International Migration, Demography, vol 22, 1 4.Theguardian, (2010). Migrants send home three times more money than countries receive in develope d aid, says World Bank. Last view 29 June 2014, from http//www.theguardian.com/global-development/poverty-matters/2010/nov/10/migrants-send-money-home-aidUnited Nations Chronicle (2013). Chinas return migration and its impact on home development. Last viewed 26 June 2014, from http//unchronicle.un.org/article/chinas-return-migration-and-its-impact-home-development/United Nations (2013) Number of international migrants rise above 232 million. Last viewed 30 June 2014, from http//www.un.org/en/development/desa/news/population/number-of-international-migrants-rises.htmlUnesco (n.d). From brain drain. Last view 29 June 2014, from http//www.unesco.org/education/education_today/brain.pdfWorld Bank (2007a), Migration and Remittances Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union. World Bank, Washington DC.Yang, D., and C. Martinez (2006), Remittances and Poverty In Migrants household Areas Evidence from the Philippines, in C. Ozden and M. Schiff (eds), International Migration, Remittances and the Brain Drain, World Bank,

Fasting, Feasting Style Essay

Point of ViewThe new is written in the third person limited send of view. This means that the author tells the story from an verifiable position, as if viewing the storys events with bring out benefit of any thoughts or feelings coming directly from the exclusive characters. The author nonpluss the chain of events in the story and then interjects what the characters whitethorn be thinking or experiencing base on their reactions, facial formulation, and t whizz of portion. This transmit of view is especially pertinent for the content of the novel, which revolves around the figure of repression, especially for the female characters. The women argon not allowed authentic voices in their foundations or their societies. So the author restricts what the contri scarcelyor green goddess know to mimic the repression experienced by the characters. GenreA speedy, intense narrative shift point of view and tense as needed. There be many unheralded transitions from video to scene a nd flashback (15-63) is expenditure to excellent effect. Threads of the story argon left hand unfinished altogether to be taken up oer again later in the novel and given a deeper significance (see Anamikas or Arunas story).General Vision or ViewpointThink well about this question from a couple of standpoints. It might be easy to dismiss genus genus genus genus Umas humanness as tyrannic to women and to the servant underclass and to decide that spirit could not be a ful geted experience in such circumstances. You might think that Umas life is a tragic in thatice that she is used and misused by a patriarchal family and society. You might see Arun as a narrow-minded, judgemental outsider otiose to ad dear to a culture different to his declare and whose life is quite unfulfilled. exactly this might be to miss the humour and love that is invested in daily living. In India people go with a affection and a variety to their lives that is enviable. 1. Read these businesss take n from different sources on the web. Do you agree with what they say? Does the point of view used by Desai make you sympathise with a certain character? Explain the use of point of view and provide quotations to support your ideas.ThemesFamily LifeAlthough the novel has action in two carve up countries and has many characters, there is the central theme of family life that unites them all. In India, the immediate family has gr fertilize importance just now the extended family withal has an impact on the characters lives. This is evidenced by the coming together of family members for securing bridegrooms and making wed arrangements for Uma and Aruna. There is also huge family support and involvement think to sentences of sorrow, such as the coming together after the death of Anamika. The rituals for two these happy and sad occasions are tag with tradition and purpose. These elements seem to be sorely lacking in the Patton household in America. It is understood that the time p eriod of Aruns stay with the Pattons encompasses only three months and does not represent a comprehensive date at the Patton family.Themes and issuesSufferingHuman despicable is depicted frequently in both part of the novel. Uma is made to suffer by her parents and men who take advantage of her. The unusual thing about her is her solvent to this suffering. She seems to maintain optimism throughout her ordeals. Anamikas terrible life and the abuse she suffers may illuminate your discussion of suffering as would the plight of Melanie who suffers mental illness and bulimia and is a sad example of American youth. l starlinessThe plight of Arun in America will yield many examples of l one(a)liness as will Uma herself who despite her large extended family keeping her busy she seems quite isolated. Loyalty/BetrayalYou might attain the notion that Uma and Anamika are betrayed by their parents in that they treat them very badly when it comes to marriage and relationships. two girls ar e seen as burdens to be disposed of and you could say they were betrayed. Similarly, Melanies plight is so ignored by her m some separate that the word betrayal might not be too strong. 2. Can you think of opposite themes in the novel? Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work. let quotations to justify your choice. 3Example of an analysis of passagesDo you agree with him? Can you find to a greater period examples of how Desai uses X tocreate Y ? Now analyse the following passage.4 head government agencys5. PoetryPied dish aerialGerard Manley HopkinsFollow this tangencyhttp//www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/gerard-manley-hopkins1. discover to the poem and read it at least twice.Hopkins was born in 1844, and died just 45 years later, in 1889, just in this relatively short life he wrote some of the most startling and pilot program poetry of the whole 19th Century. He was a deeply intellectual and religious man, and became a Jesuitic pries t in 1877, the same year in which he wrote Pied Beauty.Throughout his life Hopkins was deeply fond of the countryside and its beauty, in which he could see the work and power of God. In Pied Beauty he expresses his delight and astonishment at the sheer diversity of nature.What do the things Hopkins describes retain in parking area?How does Hopkins celebrate diversity?How does the image of the chestnut link the physical with the spiritual domain? How is the human world linked to the physical world in the poem? How are both the physical and the human world linked to God? Comment on the following compound nouns /verbs couple-colour, fresh-firecoal, fathers-forth. Comment on the use of start in the poem and the effect it creates. Comment on the rhythm (metre) of the poem N.B. it is irregular). How does it contri ande to its meaning? indite the rhyme scheme. What comments can you make on its effect? The poem begins and ends in a symmetrical way. wherefore? What is the effect of th e short final line? In what way are the inaugural and second parts of the poem the reverse of each other? What is the effect of delaying the verb fathers-forth to the beginning of the penultimate line?Examination Question How does this poem seek to convey the glory and grandeur of God for Hopkins?After reading the poem, write in paragraphs a summary of what you think the poem is about and your analysis of it. You can work in groups (not more than than four in each group) and hand in your work to Carolina, please.What does Curnows reading of his poem adds to your insight of it? 2. Read the following which will help you to analyse the poem.Entrapments at Home and Abroad in Anita Desais Fasting, Feasting T. RavichandranAssistant Professor of English, Department of Humanities & Social Sciences, IIT KanpurAnita Desais Fasting, Feasting, as it is implied in the style itself, is a novel of contrast between two cultures, the one, Indian, known for its pious and longstanding customs repr esenting fasting, and the other, American, a country of opulence and sumptuousness epitomising feasting. The plot unveils through the perceptions of Uma, in India, and of Arun, in America. Both of them are entrapped, regardless of the culture and enveloping milieu, by oppressive bonds exercised by their own parents, mammary glandPapa. They are just florists chrysanthemumPapa or PapaMama but remain nameless throughout the novel. Yet, this namelessness does not indicate their anonymity but signifies their universality. They are the prototypic parents found everywhere in the middle-class families of India, who discuss, plan, plot, control, govern the activities of their children, be it marriage or going afield for studies. And in their over-domineering concern, they tend to ignore the inadvertent possibility of entrapping their own offspring. Thus, they do not give chance to the fact that perhaps their children too can have a life to call their own. May be even their own preoccup ations, their own priorities, maybe an agenda for themselves that goes beyond what they really want for their children. The novel beings with a snapshot of MamaPapa in a contemplative mood The parents sit, rhythmically swinging, back and forth.They could be asleep, dozingtheir eyes are hoodedbut sometimes they speak. That is when a sudden deluge of ideas hit them and they order their eldest daughter, Uma, to carry out them without delay. Uma is asked first to inform the cook to prepare sweets for her father, with neglectful impatience she states that she has been already asked to pack a parcel to be sent to her brother, Arun, in America. While she comes literally running on her toes, she is entrusted with an additional business organization of musical composition a earn to their son. Somewhere in the middle of the novel, the reader projects that it is the usual scene that goes on in the household of MamaPapa. All morning MamaPapa have found things for Uma to do. It is as if Pap as retirement is to be worn out(p) in this mannersitting on the red swing in the veranda with Mama, rocking, and finding ways to keep Uma occupied. As long as they can do that, they themselves feel busy and occupied (133). In this manner, living under the demanding rule of MamaPapa, Uma is repressed, suppressed and is detain at stand. The first part of the novel tells us in a flashback how she became a reluctant victim of entrapment at home. The second part of the novel shows how her brother Arun, who imparts his home for high studies feels trapped by the very education that is meant to liberate him.Usually, at home, it would be an oppressive atmosphere even if one of the parents is overpowering. With regard to Uma, both of her parents appear to have merged into a single identity MamaPapa/PapaMama, as if they have a siamese twin human beings(6). Hence, whe neer MamaPapa say something, and whoever says it, it comes with double the intensity and power that it cannot be defied at all. Having fused into one, they had gained so much in substance, in stature, in dictum, that they loomed large enough as it was they did not need break apart histories and backgrounds to make them even more immense(6). Despite a slight variation in the roles they have chosen to play, Papas of scowling and Mamas scolding(10), in terms of opinion, they never differed from each other. Therefore, if one refused there would not be any point in appealing to the other parent for a different verdict no(prenominal) was expected, or given(14). Furthermore, the women are not allowed for outings usually, but when Papa feels that the women laze around the house too much, then they would be taken to the park for walk. On one such occasion, Uma gets easily distracted and fails to keep pace with her Papa.Though Papa is distant away, and she is left in the company of Mama, she would not dare attemptto buy some eatables on her offer though it is highly tempting Uma finds saliva gathering at the corners of her mouth at the disembodied spirit of the spiced, roasted gram but decides to say nothing (12-13). In the end, Uma is blamed for being slack off when all the while Uma could not reconcile herself as why they are hurrying just to go back home. Likewise, the children are not allowed to have any sense of privacy even when they have grown-up. They are not allowed to shut any doors in the household. For this meant secrets, especially nasty secrets, which are impermissible It meant authority would come stalking in and make a search to seize upon the nastiness, the unclean blot(15).MamaPapa also decide which of their children should have education and how much of it. As far as Uma is concerned, a kind escape from her claustrophobic conditions at home is her take day-going. The convent school for her is streaked with golden promise(20). Hence, she invariably goes earlyish to the school and later finds some excuse to linger there for longer time. Conversely, she feels deprived during dull weekends when she is left at home There were the wretched weekends when she was plucked back into the trivialities of her home, which seemed a denial, a negation of life as it ought to be, somber and splendid, and then the endless summer vacation when the heat reduced even that pointless existence to further vacuity(21). Regardless of Umas verve for convent education, she is forced to stop going to school when Mama gives birth to the third baby, Arun. Even as Uma shows disagreement, she is coaxed, cajoled and eventually threatened to select her Mamas decision But ayah can do thisayah can do that Uma tried to defy when the orders began to come thick and fast. This made Mama look stern again. You know we cant leave the baby to the servant, she said severely. He needs proper attention. When Uma pointed out that ayah had looked after her and Aruna as babies, Mamas expression made it clear it was quite a different matter now, and she repeated threateningly Proper attention (31).Later, Uma looks forward towards her marriage to give her the much-needed relief, yet, unfortunately, she regainings home frustrated after a deceitful marriage and subsequent divorce. Back at home, she gets a rare, melody offerthrough Dr. Dutt, but MamaPapa refuse to send her. When Dr. Dutt persists on taking Uma for the job, Mama lies of an illness for which she needs Uma to book her. In like manner, when Uma receives an invitation for a coffee ships company from Mrs. OHenry, MamaPapa refuse to send her to the party because of the apprehension that Mrs. OHenry might ensnare her and convert her into a Christian nun. Reduced consequently to a baby-sitter at her earlier days and an unpaid servant for her self-centred parents for the rest of her life, Uma finds no escape from her entrapment. Uma experiences, however, a brief repose of happiness and freedom once when she is allowed to espouse her ailing aunt, Mira-Masi, on her pilgrimage. During her stay at night i n an ashram, Uma finds a strange link of her life with the barks and howls of the dogsAt night she lay quietly on her mat, listening to the ashram dog bark. Then other dogs in distant villages, out along the river bed and over in the pampas grass, or in roadside shacks and hovels by the highwaybarked back. They howled long messages to each other. Their messages traveled back and forth through the night shadow which was total, absolute. Gradually the barks sank into it and drowned. Then it was silent. That was what Uma felt her own life to have beenfull of barks, howls, messages, and now quieten (61).At this juncture, one is reminded of Anita Desais characteristic way of making her internally turbulent protagonists find expression by association with external surroundings. Thus, for instance, in Cry, the Peacock, Mayas feelings of isolation and longings are coupled with those of the crying of the peacocks. S public treasury, one locates a kind of sublimity in the agonised inner cry of Maya when it is likened with peacocks. When Umas pain is related to the barks and howls of dogs, the poetry of Mayas anguish is to be seen in sharp contrast to that of the excruciating poverty of Umas entrapment. Catering to the whims and fancies of MamaPapa, but keeping her remorse selfcontained, at one point of the novel, Uma feels utterly friendless and alone, even when she is at home and surrounded by her MamaPapa. In desperation, she thinks of writing a letter to a friend to share her grief but it only ends up with the realisation that she has none to perpetrate withShe could write a letter to a frienda private message of despair, dissatisfaction, yearning she has a packet of notepaper, pale violet with a pink rose embossed in the cornerbut who is the friend? Mrs. Joshi? But since she lives next door, she would be surprised. Aruna? But Aruna would pay no attention, she is too busy. Cousin Ramu? Where was he? Had his farm swallowed him up? And Anamikahad marriage devoured h er? (134).However, it would be wrong to presuppose that Anita Desai shows Umas unattractiveness, clumsiness and obtuseness of mind as causes for her entrapment. Umas polar opposite, her graceful, beautiful and brilliant cousin, Anamikas confinement is more poignant. While Umas failure in her school exams pressurises her to stay at home, Anamika does so resplendently in her final school exams, that she wins a cognizance to Oxford. Yet, Anamika lives in a patriarchal society that considers higher education to be the prerogative of males, and marriage as the major preoccupation of females. The scholarship obtained is used only as a means to win her a husband who is considered an tinct to the familys prestige. Anamikas parents are unperturbed by the fact that he is so much older than her, so grim-faced and conscious of his own superiority, and is totally impervious to Anamikas beauty and grace and distinction (70). But it is Anamika, who starts another life of entrapment the irregu lar she enters her in-laws house. Anamikas husband is a typical Mamas boy to the extent he could be a silent witness to his mothers beating of his wife regularly.Anamika, who won a scholarship to Oxford, spends her entire time in the kitchen cooking for a very large family that eats in shiftsfirst the men, then the children, finally the women (70). After a miscarriage, which followed a brutal beating, and the belief that she could not bear more children, finally, the family ties her up in a nylon saree, pours the kerosene over her, and burns her to death. Here again Desai is not implying that the un-burnt brides and the well-settled ones may live a content life. In this regard, she portrays the story of Aruna, Umas smart and pretty junior baby who makes a discreet choice and marries the wisest, the handsomest, the richest, the most exciting of the suitors who presented themselves(101). Arunas marriage to Arvind who has a job in Bombay and a flat in a housing block in Juhu, facing the margin is just a like adream-come-true. Yet to live that dream-life fully she transforms herself and desperately seeks to introduce commute in the lives of others. She cuts her hair, takes her make-up kit wherever she goes, and calls her sister and mother as villagers once they refuse to accept her sophisticated and flashy style of life. For that reason, she avoids visiting her parents home and the rare occasions of her short visits are spent in blaming the untidiness of the surrounding and the inhabitants.Even she goes to the extent of scolding her husband when he splits tea in his saucer, or wears a shirt, which does not match, with his trousers. In this way, Arunas entrapment is different from the rest. She has liberated herself from the customs and dominating home rules that bind the rest of the characters like Uma and Anamika. Yet, in negating those codes, she ensnares herself in her mad pursuit towards a great deal of perfection. And in order to reach that perfection s he needs to constantly uncover and rectify the flaws of her own family as well as of Arvinds. When none other than Uma sees through the entrapment of Aruna, she feels pity for her Seeing Aruna vexed to the point of tears because the cooks pudding had sunk and spread instead of remaining upright and solid, or because Arvind had come to dinner in his bedroom slippers, or Papa was wearing a t-shirt with a hole under one arm, Uma felt pity for her was this the realm of ease and comfort for which Aruna had always pined and that some might say she had attained? Certainly it brought her no pleasure there was always a crease of discontent between her eyebrows and an agitation that made her eyelids flutter, disturbing Uma who noticed it (109).While Uma, Anamika, Aruna present the female versions of entrapment in Fasting, Feasting, Arun pictures the male version of it. Unlike his sisters, right from his birth, Arun desists eating the food of his family which is symbolic of its values. more t o the dismay of his father, he shows his preference for vegetarian food. Simply because it revolutionised the life-style of his father, Arun can not be forced to eat non-vegetarian food. This, of course, is a cause of disappointment for Papa Papa was always scornful of those of their relatives who came to visit and insisted on clinging to their cereal-and vegetable-eating ways, shying away from the meat dishes Papa insisted on having cooked for dinner. Now his own son, hisone son, displayed this completely baffling desire to re persuade to the ways of his forefathers, meek and puny men who had got nowhere in life. Papa was deeply vexed (32- 33).Nonetheless, Arun cannot fully come out of the clutches of Papa, especially, in terms of his education. And ironic enough, it is education, which instead of offering the desired autonomy, paves way for Aruns entrapment.Papa, in order to give the best, the most, the highest (119) education for his son, takes charge of Aruns life from his child hood. Although Aruns school examinations are over, Papa cannot allow him to go to his sisters house in Bombay during holidays, since he has plan that time for taking up entrance examinations and preparation for sending applications to go abroad for higher studies. However, in the eyes of Aruna, her fathers manic determination to get a foreign scholarship for Arun, is actually on account of his unfulfilled dreams, which he tries to impose on his son. That is why, when the letter of acceptance from Massachusetts finally arrives, it stirs no emotions in Arun Uma watched Arun too, when he read the fateful letter. She watched and searched for an expression, of relief, of joy, doubt, fear, anything at all. But there was none. There was nothing elsenot the hint of a smile, frown, laugh or anything these had been ground down till they had disappeared. This blank face now stared at the letter and faced another phase of his existence logical for him by Papa (121).As a reviewer rightly obser ves, With a deft touch, Desai shows us that MamaPapas ambitions for Arun are as stifling as their lack of ambition for Uma, . From America, Aruns letters come just to indicate his endurance and survival. His messages are diluted, and are devoid of any emotion and substance. The most personal note he struck was a poignant, frequently repeated complaint The food is not very right (123). The ties, though invisible, are so overwhelming that even in a country that feasts on individuality, Arun fails to establish his identity as an individual. Caught in the prison house of his own familys food habits, he can neither nourish the alien food nor develop a sense of belonging with Pattons family thatshelters him during his vacation. The intuitive feeling of the raw meat being charred over the fire by Mr. Patton for steak or hamburger is loathsome for Arun. Conversely, Mr. Patton fails to understand why Arun really refuses to eat a good piece of meat.While Mrs. Patton symphathises with Arun, and gives him the vegetarian food items, particularly love apple slices and lettuce on bread, Arun finds them detestable too. Because he thinks that in his time in America he has developed a hearty abhorrence for the raw foods everyone here thinks the natural diet of a vegetarian (167). Hence when Mrs. Patton, quite fulfill with her job of a host, watches him eating with pride and complicity, Arun ate with an expression of woe and a sense of mistreatment. How was he to tell Mrs. Patton that these were not the foods that figured in his culture? That his digestive system did not know how to turn them into nourishment? (184-185). Where Mrs. Pattons daughter, Melanie, bluntly says she finds the food revolting, and refuses to taste it, Arun has to helplessly eat it. Melanie, however, suffers from bulimiaa disorderliness in which overeating alternates with self-induced vomiting, fasting, etc. Her bulimia, along with her mothers frenzy for buying food items to fill the freezer, signifie s the consumerist society that she hails from, where excess becomes the malady. This seen in contrast to Rod, the fitness fanatic, who spends all his time and energy in jogging, baffles Arun who wonders that one cant tell what is more dangerous in this country, the pursuit of health or of distemper(204-205).He apprehends that like Melanie, who eats, vomits and lies on her vomit most of the time, the people of her country too, go through an inscrutable pain and a real hunger. Yet he cannot reconcile his mind to the unanswerable question But what hunger a person so sated can feel?(224). Anita Desai, in portraying the stories of entrapment in Fasting, Feasting, presents one version after another each contributing together to a master version, and each simultaneously subverting the other towards an open and contingent version. Accordingly, in the story of Uma, we find her unattractiveness leading to her eventual entrapment. Yet, if we pass a final verdict on this account, we would be proved erroneous since Desai presents the versions of Aruna and Anamika, Umas appealing sister and charming cousin, respectively. Beauty cannot offer them escape from entrapments in truth, it is rather their good looks that victimise them. Further, if we think again that it is Umas lack ofeducation that has led to her entrapped situation, Desai presents us the subversion of Anamika, where foreign scholarship fetches her an equal match but fails to provide her the required escape, it suffocates and kills her literally. In like manner, if as Uma thinks, A CAREER. release home.Living alone (130) would bring in the necessary freedom from entrapment, Desai presents us the story of Arun, who leaves home, lives alone for a career but feels the pangs of entrapment despite it. Also, in providing a male version through the story of Aruns entrapment, Desai negates any feministic verdict based on the other female versions of entrapment that is likely to put the blame on the patriarchal, male-c entred society. Thus, Anita Desai, often described as one of the finest writers of this country, has moved from her earlier, typical way of sympathising with her characters, females especially, to a different train of sensibility now. Where it would be easy to presuppose her overt feministic concerns in a novel like Cry, the Peacock, it would be unwise to approach her Fasting, Feasting with any such preconceived notions. Desai herself speaks out in a late interview that she has been deliberately shifting her focus from female characters to male characters. She rather feels she needs to address and voice out themes which concern males too. She saysSpecially in my earlier work I found myself addressing the same things over and over again very much about the life of women, specially those women who are confined to home and family, also the solitude from which a person can suffer even if living within a big family or surrounded by crowds. But after several years and several books I be gan to feel suffocated myself by the confinement of these subjects. I felt I was limiting the territory to such an extent that it created a kind of suffocation even for me. So I deliberately opened the doors, to widen the canvas, and started writing more about male characters and their lives, because I felt they had a wider experience of the world, and I could address a greater variety of experiences.Finally, if we consider the male version represented by Arun and the female versions constituted by Uma, Anamika and Aruna as Indian versions, Desai offers American versions to counter them. The story, thus dangling betweentwo countries and cultures shows to prove through the characters of Uma and Arun, and their counterparts Melanie and Rod, that attempts of escape from entrapments can only be temporary, illusory and self-destructively futile since entrapments through familial knots are ubiquitous, all encompassing and universal. And perhaps the salvation comes when one accepts entrapm ent of one kind or another visualised as an inescapable fact of life.References1Anita Desai, Fasting, Feasting (London Vintage, 1999) 3.All subsequent page references are to this edition.2Sylvia Brownrigg, Fasting, Feasting by Anita Desai.http//archive.salon.com/books/review/2000/02/17/desai/print.html. 9/15/2002.Magda Costa, Interview with Anita Desai, Lateral (March 2001). http//www.umiacs.umd.edu/users/sawweb/sawnet/books/desai_interview.html. 9/15/2002.http//www.sawnet.org/books/writing/desai_interview.html